Kontestasi antara Pesantren Salaf-Tradisional dan Salafi-Wahabi dalam Platform YouTube
Keywords:
kontestasi, pesantren, salaf-tradisional, salafi-wahabi, otoritas keagamaan
Abstract
Perseteruan antara kelompok salaf-tradisional dan salafi-wahabi yang selama ini dipahami cenderung berkutat pada isu purifikatif ternyata telah merambah ke persoalan perebutan eksistensi lembaga pendidikan Islam (pesantren) dalam platform YouTube. Kedua kubu ini satu sama lain tampak saling adu wacana untuk menunjukkan eksistensi lembaga masing-masing. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara mendalam beberapa akun YouTube yang diasumsikan memiliki afiliasi ke pesantren salaf-tradisional dan pesantren salafi-wahabi yang secara aktif berkontestasi. Terdapat tiga isu utama yang dijawab dalam studi ini yakni menyangkut bentuk-bentuk kontestasi, faktor yang melatarbelakangi dan dampaknya. Dalam membedah hal tersebut, studi ini menggunakan analisis konten dan teori kontestasi Antje Wiener sebagai pisau analisis. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa, kontestasi oleh mereka dilakukan dengan saling melayangkan ragam narasi konfrontatif yang berorientasi pada tiga bentuk yakni konten ajaran, tokoh agama dan kasus-kasus asusila. Terjadinya kontestasi ini tidak terlepas dari polemik fase sebelumnya yang pada gilirannya diperuncing untuk memperebutkan otoritas lembaga pendidikan (pesantren) sebagai medium sentral mempertahankan ajaran masing-masing. Dengan sifat terbuka media sosial, fenomena ini berdampak secara signifikan terhadap konstruksi citra (positif-negatif) pondok pesantren dalam platform YouTube.
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Mas’ud, A., Fuad, A. Z., & Zaini, A. (2019). Evolution and orientation of Islamic education in Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.1.21-49
Masita, D. (2022). Salafi dalam Kontestasi Islam di Pasuruan. SALIMIYA: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Keagamaan Islam, 3(2), 77–102.
Mayer, B., & Dkk. (2006). Media and violence in an age of transparency: Journalistic writing on war-torn Maluku. In Religion, Media, and the Public Sphere. Indiana University Press.
Mutawally, A. F. (2023). Historiography of Pesantren in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities. Pesantren Reviews, 1(2), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.58330/PR.V1I2.294
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Nichols, T. (2017). The Death of Expertise. Oxfod University Press.
Nur’aeni, U., & Ramdan, A. H. (2023). Ideological Contestation on Youtube Between Salafi and Nahdhatul ‘Ulama in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies, 7(1), 28–64. https://doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v7i1.15244
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Pras, H. (2024). Ternyata Ada Ponpes Salafi Kena Kasus Pencabulan?Herri Pras Malu dengan Fakta ini? Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4icMNRs-0ZM
Qudsy, S. Z. (2019). Pesantren Online: Pergeseran Otoritas Keagamaan di Dunia Maya. Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses, 2(2), 169–187.
Qudsy, S. Z., Abdullah, I., & Pabbajah, M. (2021). The Superficial Religious Understanding in Hadith Memes: Mediatization of Hadith in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 20(60), 92–114.
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Rosa, E. M., Puspita, M., Mutaqin, R. S., & ... (2022). Kontestasi Keberagamaan di Media Sosial: Kontra Interpretasi Radikalisme di Platform Youtube. Jurnal Penelitian …, 23(2), 175–196. https://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/jpa/article/view/7160
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Setyawan, A. A., Sudi, M., Ketut, N., Matradewi, W., Muslim, A., Saefudin, A., & Saddhono, K. (2024). Ideological Contestation in Social Media: a Content Analysis of the Promotion of Islamic Education Institutions. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.35723/AJIE.V8I1.445
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Syahridawaty, & Qudsy, S. Z. (2019). The Contestation of Hadith Memes on the Prohibition of Music Kontestasi Meme Hadis Keharaman Musik. Journal of Hadith Studies, Vol. 2(1), 23–36.
Tasman, T. (2019). Radio Rodja: Kontestasi Ideologi Salafi di Ranah Siaran. Dakwah: Jurnal Kajian Dakwah Dan Kemasyarakatan, 22(2), 151–177. https://doi.org/10.15408/dakwah.v22i2.12066
Wahyu Ningsih, I., Basri, H., Suhartini, A., Islam, F. A., Al-Hidayah, S., Bogor, K., Program, P., Sarjana, U., Islam, N., Sunan, G., Djati, B., & Id, I. A. (2023). HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PESANTREN IN INDONESIA. JURNAL EDUSCIENCE, 10(1), 340–356. https://doi.org/10.36987/JES.V10I1.3392
Waqfah TV. (2022). Benarkah Haram Sekolah di Pondok Pesantren Salafi. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYDGxWbvkgI
Wiener, A. (2017). A theory of contestation - A concise summary of its argument and concepts. Polity, 49(1), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1086/690100
Afandi, Mukminin, M. A., & Syahid, I. (2021). Dinamika dan Perubahan Sosio-Religio Kultural Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah dan Salafi. Al-Ibrah : Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Keilmuan Islam, 6(1), 42–69. https://doi.org/10.61815/ALIBRAH.V6I1.124
Aidulsyah, F. (2023). The rise of urban Salafism in Indonesia: The social-media and pop culture of new Indonesian Islamic youth. Asian Journal of Social Science, 51(4), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AJSS.2023.07.003
Alfatih, M. (2024). outuber Aswaja Kali ini Berhasil Bongkar Ponpes Salafi Wahabi Melakukan Pencabulan. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZgEINeJCwjY
Budiharso, T., Bakri, S., & Sujito. (2023). Transformation of Education System of the Pesantren in Indonesia from the Dutch Colony to Democratic Era. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 14(4), 179–206.
Channel, A. A. (2024). Viral-Heboh Keamanan Pondok Salafi Wahabi Habisi Kerabatnya di dalam Masjid! Wahabi Bej4t? Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmdj826JgUw
Ghozali, M., Mursyid, A. Y., & Fitriana, N. (2022). Al-Qur’an (Re)Presentation in the Short Video App Tiktok: Reading, Teaching, and Interpretive. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 30(3), 1263–1282. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.30.3.18
Hjarvard, S. (2011). The mediatisation of religion: Theorising religion, media and social change. Culture and Religion, 12(2), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.1080/14755610.2011.579719
Huda, S., & Qudsy, S. Z. (2019). Kontestasi Hadis Azimat di Masyarakat Online. At-Turas: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 6(2), 306–327.
Hudaeri, M., Karomah, A., & Al Ayubi, S. (2020). The Pesantren in Banten: Local Wisdom and Challenges of Modernity. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-10-2019.2294504
Imron, A. (2019). THE MILLENIAL GENERATION, HADITH MEMES, AND IDENTITY POLITICS: The New Face of Political Contestation in Contemporary Indonesia. ULUL ALBAB Jurnal Studi Islam, 20(2), 255–283. https://doi.org/10.18860/ua.v20i2.5675
Islam, M. H., Aziz, A., Dosen, *, Ilmu, I., Zainul, K., & Genggong, H. (2020). Transformation of Pesantren in Maintaining Good Character. HUMANISTIKA : Jurnal Keislaman, 6(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.55210/HUMANISTIKA.V6I1.307
Jubba, H. (2019). Kontestasi Identitas Agama: Lokalitas Spiritual di Indonesia. The Phinisi Press.
Jubba, H., Awang, J., Qodir, Z., Hannani, & Pabbajah, M. (2022). The contestation between conservative and moderate Muslims in promoting Islamic moderatism in Indonesia. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2116162
Kholili, Y. (2021). Challenges for Pesantren in the Revolution Era of Society 5.0. AMCA Journal of Religion and Society, 1(1), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.51773/AJRS.V1I1.33
Maemonah, Purnama, S., Rohinah, Aziz, H., Faza, A. B., Bastian, M., & Syafii, A. (2022). The Shift in the Authority of Islamic Religious Education: A Qualitative Content Analysis on Online Religious Teaching. Qualitative Report, 27(9), 1830–1846. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2022.5325
Maghfiroh, N., Nursikin, M., Salatiga, U., & Tengah, J. (2023). Development of the Evaluation System of Islamic Education in Indonesian Pondok Pesantren. At Turots: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 5(001), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.51468/JPI.V5I2.169
Mahmud Yunus, Firmanda Taufiq, & Ahalla Tsauro. (2023). Promoting Religious Moderation in New Media: Between Contestation and Claiming Religious Authority. Edukasia Islamika, 8(1), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.28918/jei.v8i1.372
Malik, A. (2024). New variants of ultra-conservative Islamic schools in Indonesia: A study on Islamic school endeavor with Islamic group movement. Power and Education, 16(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/17577438231163042
Mas’ud, A., Fuad, A. Z., & Zaini, A. (2019). Evolution and orientation of Islamic education in Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 13(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2019.13.1.21-49
Masita, D. (2022). Salafi dalam Kontestasi Islam di Pasuruan. SALIMIYA: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Keagamaan Islam, 3(2), 77–102.
Mayer, B., & Dkk. (2006). Media and violence in an age of transparency: Journalistic writing on war-torn Maluku. In Religion, Media, and the Public Sphere. Indiana University Press.
Mutawally, A. F. (2023). Historiography of Pesantren in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities. Pesantren Reviews, 1(2), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.58330/PR.V1I2.294
Nawas, M. Z. A., Mahfudz, M., Harun, A., & Rizaldi, M. (2023). Motif dan Identitas Keagamaan dalam Persebaran Meme Hadis Tashabbuh di Media Sosial. Mutawatir : Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith, 22(2), 261–281.
Nichols, T. (2017). The Death of Expertise. Oxfod University Press.
Nur’aeni, U., & Ramdan, A. H. (2023). Ideological Contestation on Youtube Between Salafi and Nahdhatul ‘Ulama in Indonesia. Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies, 7(1), 28–64. https://doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v7i1.15244
Official, T. W. U. (2022). Viral-Hukum Sekolahkan Anak di Pesantren Salafi/Wahabi- KH. Idrus Ramli. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MJnBg9Kh9_U
Pras, H. (2024). Ternyata Ada Ponpes Salafi Kena Kasus Pencabulan?Herri Pras Malu dengan Fakta ini? Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4icMNRs-0ZM
Qudsy, S. Z. (2019). Pesantren Online: Pergeseran Otoritas Keagamaan di Dunia Maya. Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses, 2(2), 169–187.
Qudsy, S. Z., Abdullah, I., & Pabbajah, M. (2021). The Superficial Religious Understanding in Hadith Memes: Mediatization of Hadith in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Journal for the Study of Religions and Ideologies, 20(60), 92–114.
Rizaldi, M. (2023). Kontestasi Hadis-Hadis Khilafah Masyarakat Online Dalam Platform Youtube. Proceeding of The 3rd FUAD’s International Conference on Strengthening Islamic Studies (FICOSIS), 3, 17–37.
Rois, C., Dewi, M. S., & Robaniyah, N. (2023). The History of Pesantren: An Overview of Civilizational Discourse and the Religious Moderation Among Santri. Progresiva : Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Pendidikan Islam, 12(01), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.22219/PROGRESIVA.V12I01.24473
Rosa, E. M., Puspita, M., Mutaqin, R. S., & ... (2022). Kontestasi Keberagamaan di Media Sosial: Kontra Interpretasi Radikalisme di Platform Youtube. Jurnal Penelitian …, 23(2), 175–196. https://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/jpa/article/view/7160
Rosidin, & Arfan, I. A. (2024). Ulama Pesantren dan Upaya Penanggulangan Radikalisme di Indonesia. Jurnal SMART (Studi Masyarakat, Religi, Dan Tradisi), 10(2), 171–186. https://doi.org/10.18784/SMART.V10I2.2510
Saparudin, S. (2022). DESAKRALISASI OTORITAS KEAGAMAAN TUAN GURU PURIFIKASI SALAFI VERSUS TRADISIONALISME NAHDLATUL WATHAN. Khazanah: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 20(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.18592/KHAZANAH.V20I1.6384
Setyawan, A. A., Sudi, M., Ketut, N., Matradewi, W., Muslim, A., Saefudin, A., & Saddhono, K. (2024). Ideological Contestation in Social Media: a Content Analysis of the Promotion of Islamic Education Institutions. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(1), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.35723/AJIE.V8I1.445
Sunnah, P. P. (2022). Haram Modok di Pesantren Salafi?Fatwa Ngawur Idrus Ramli. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6EEH8OlhSwU
Syahridawaty, & Qudsy, S. Z. (2019). The Contestation of Hadith Memes on the Prohibition of Music Kontestasi Meme Hadis Keharaman Musik. Journal of Hadith Studies, Vol. 2(1), 23–36.
Tasman, T. (2019). Radio Rodja: Kontestasi Ideologi Salafi di Ranah Siaran. Dakwah: Jurnal Kajian Dakwah Dan Kemasyarakatan, 22(2), 151–177. https://doi.org/10.15408/dakwah.v22i2.12066
Wahyu Ningsih, I., Basri, H., Suhartini, A., Islam, F. A., Al-Hidayah, S., Bogor, K., Program, P., Sarjana, U., Islam, N., Sunan, G., Djati, B., & Id, I. A. (2023). HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PESANTREN IN INDONESIA. JURNAL EDUSCIENCE, 10(1), 340–356. https://doi.org/10.36987/JES.V10I1.3392
Waqfah TV. (2022). Benarkah Haram Sekolah di Pondok Pesantren Salafi. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VYDGxWbvkgI
Wiener, A. (2017). A theory of contestation - A concise summary of its argument and concepts. Polity, 49(1), 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1086/690100
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